Nebius is discovering that hyperscale growth comes with a measurable environmental cost. The European neocloud provider reported a dramatic increase in operational emissions during 2025 as it expanded its data center footprint across multiple regions. Its latest sustainability report shows combined Scope 1 and Scope 2 market-based emissions reached 65,001 metric tons of CO2e, compared with 2,036 metric tons reported a year earlier. The 32-fold increase reflects how quickly digital infrastructure can reshape a company’s environmental profile when capacity scales faster than decarbonization initiatives.
The company attributed the increase to the rapid expansion of its operational network, which now consists of seven active facilities. Data centers represented 99% of Nebius’ Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, highlighting that physical infrastructure remains the dominant contributor to its operational carbon footprint. As AI infrastructure continues expanding worldwide, the figures reinforce a broader industry reality that emissions increasingly track deployed computing capacity rather than software innovation. The latest disclosure positions Nebius among a growing group of cloud providers confronting the environmental consequences of accelerated infrastructure investment.
Efficient Operations Do Not Offset Absolute Emissions
Although total emissions climbed sharply, Nebius emphasized that its facilities continue to perform efficiently from an operational perspective. The company reported a portfolio-wide Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of 1.25 during 2025, outperforming the widely referenced global industry average of 1.54. Lower PUE values indicate that a greater share of electricity powers computing equipment instead of cooling and supporting infrastructure. Meanwhile, the figures suggest Nebius has improved facility efficiency even as overall energy demand continues rising alongside infrastructure expansion.
Water efficiency also emerged as a key performance indicator in the report. Nebius disclosed a Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) of 0.018 liters per kWh at its Finland-1 facility. According to the company, the result stems from the deployment of closed-loop liquid cooling technology combined with air-based free cooling systems that minimize water consumption during operations. The performance demonstrates how engineering improvements can reduce resource intensity even when computing capacity expands significantly.
Scope 3 Reporting Still Remains Under Development
The sustainability report does not include Scope 3 emissions, leaving a significant portion of Nebius’ total climate impact outside this year’s disclosure. The company explained that it continues developing the internal systems and reporting processes required to collect reliable supplier and operational activity data. It concluded that currently available information could not support a representative Scope 3 inventory for 2025. The report also confirms that company-wide emissions reduction targets remain under development and have not yet been published.
For investors and enterprise customers, the absence of Scope 3 reporting reflects an increasingly common challenge across rapidly growing AI infrastructure providers. Supply chain emissions frequently represent the largest share of lifecycle carbon output for digital infrastructure projects, particularly when construction, hardware manufacturing, logistics, and equipment procurement accelerate simultaneously. Until those datasets mature, evaluating the complete environmental impact of hyperscale expansion remains difficult. The disclosure therefore highlights both operational transparency and the reporting gaps that still exist across the sector.
Expansion Strategy Continues Beyond Current Footprint
Nebius is continuing to invest aggressively despite the emissions increase. The company pointed to its previously announced 328MW Bloom Energy fuel cell agreement in the United States, stating that the deployment is expected to reduce local air pollutants while lowering water consumption compared with conventional alternatives. However, because the fuel cells operate on natural gas, the system will continue producing greenhouse gas emissions even as it delivers operational benefits.
Additionally, Nebius continues expanding its global infrastructure portfolio across the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. Industry reports have also linked the company to plans for a 1.2GW data center campus in Pennsylvania, signaling that its infrastructure ambitions remain firmly focused on long-term AI capacity growth. The latest sustainability report ultimately illustrates a defining tension across the AI infrastructure market: engineering efficiency continues improving, yet absolute emissions are rising as operators race to deploy more computing power.
